Several arguments are advanced to justify a policy of protection. Haberler has classified these arguments into two groups: 1. Economic Arguments 2. Non-Economic Arguments. These arguments are analysed below: 1. Economic Arguments: The principal economic arguments in support of a protectionist commercial policy are as follows: (i) Infant Industry Argument: The most effective, accepted and sustained argument in support of [...]
The trade barriers other than import quotas include voluntary export restraints, technical, administrative and other regulations, trade restrictions due to international cartels, dumping and export subsidies. During the recent decades, many countries have started relying increasingly upon these forms of protectionism. 1. Voluntary Export Restraints (VER): These restraints refer to a situation in which the importing country, faced with excessive [...]
The factor price equalisation theorem suggests a even if the mobility of factors is limited by national frontiers, free trade in commodities helps to even out disparities in demand relative to supply of factors, and to diminish the discrepancy between factor returns among countries. Two or more countries sharing the same technology will find that free trade brings factor returns [...]